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在巴塞罗那,技术是为智慧城市的一种手段

How can technology leadto more participation in democratic processes? Who should own and control city data? Can cities embrace a model that socializes data and encourages new forms of合作和民主的创新?

阿尔伯特Cañigueral采访弗朗西斯布里亚,巴萨的首席创新官,有关上述及更多的所有。

阿尔伯特Cañigueral:你是在伦敦的英国创新机构内斯塔工作。你为什么要接受来自巴塞罗那市市长达·科的提议?

Francesca Bria:I was working for Nesta and had already done a lot of work on a European level and with movements around open access,democracy技术对社会好。我很高兴能来工作为在巴塞罗那的新政府,因为他们有一个非常新的方法来城市。他们这就很清楚,你不能有一个数字革命没有民主的革命。这是我的任务是重新思考智能城市,不只是在技术方面的开始,但在把市民的需求,并在核心城市的(政治)问题的方法。
技术和数字化仅仅是解决城市使命的工具。

Cañigueral:什么有一些自那时以来一直在巴塞罗那议程的关键行动的?

Bria:一个关键点是获得住房。政府不仅跟踪大银行是假的公寓空,但也面临类似的Airbnb其业务模式对保障性住房的负面影响的平台。

Another big theme is energy transition and renewable energy. Barcelona wants to create市政能源公司to fight the current monopoly. We are also looking into more distributed energy models, like smart grids, models that are more affordable and which allow citizens to be in control of their data.

我们也在重新思考城市规划与类似项目超级块("Superilles").在回馈公共空间的公民为目标,他们在一个非常创新的过程与创建数字民主平台进行大规模的公民参与。开放带来了巨大的很多想法的争论,但它也向我们展示了参与的复杂的一面。有许多相互冲突的利益,它是由以迭代的方式边做边学。

最后,而不是只与大公司合作,因为政府通常做的,我们也在反思经济模式,以支持新经济体如团结,协作和数字经济。这也有助于我们打击腐败,因为往往锁定在公共行政与大公司没有留下空间用于其他球员。

CañigueralSounds like there are some real challenges ahead. How did you start to address them and what's the role of technology here?

Bria:Over the past year, I created aBarcelona Digital Cityplan to address how technology and data can help solve urban challenges. It’s divided into three main areas.

The first is the digital transformation of the government through technology. This involves aspects like procurement-how we purchase technology-用较小的公司工作,并确保公共资金投资于开放式技术,可避免锁定。为了增加透明度,市政府也在测试在巴塞罗那社区与开放式和参与式预算制度Gracia project (PDF)例如,然后可以按比例扩大。

再加上维权组织X-Net的,我们也创造-这是非常独特- 一个encrypted infrastructureTOR集成到主城的基础设施。它充当举报人工具for public workers to denounce cases of corruption and help us open up the public administration.

在采购方面,我们还将clauses that address sustainability, gender and the solidarity economy. The goal is to get citizens more involved in how their money is spent and make them part of the procurement process.

公民是非常透明的,但权力必须是透明的。

We are also focusing ondigital innovationwith thenew socioeconomic innovation activity line里面巴塞罗那的Activa以及为高科技公司的孵化器和加速器。

However, most innovative are programs for数字化社会创新即承认开放技术对经济,民主和制造业的影响。在巴萨取得的项目,例如(设备区in Poblenou orhosting the MakerFaire)旨在重新考虑生产的城市和城市制造业未来的循环经济道路。betway必威体育手机版重要的是,城市恢复一些工业能力,使他们再次更具可持续性。

The third aspect addresses digital empowerment and collective intelligence. We are expanding this to many areas like city planning, cultural activities and citizens initiatives with experiments likePAM。但最重要的,数字教育项目的目标是重新思考教育和工作的未来。我们不仅需要新的技能,能够过渡到数字社会 - 或者我应该只是说未来 - 但在极端自动化的时候,我们还必须创造新的就业机会。沿着这些线路,我们是piloting a basic income scheme有关数字货币基础设施的一部分欧盟资助的项目。Barcelona also recently hostedan international conference有关替代货币。

Cañigueral:A core topic in this tech strategy is "city data commons." Why is data so important?

Bria:数据所有权和主权,或的问题“城市数据共享”,因为它提出了我们如何能够通过将公民的数字权为核心最大限度地利用数据的问题就显得尤为重要。在当今世界,机器正在做的越来越多,它承认,这个数据属于公民的,而不是政府是很重要的。城市应该充当中介和这些新的权利保管人。

城市are responsible for ensuring that data sovereignty is respected. They should act as an intermediary and as custodians of these new rights.

Cañigueral:What are the mechanisms you can put in place to progress in this direction?

Bria:去的一种方式是通过改变规定。另一种方式是通过分散and encrypted infrastructure that makes citizens aware of how the data is used. At the moment, when you use a digital service it’s not necessarily clear what happens to the data and how it’s monetized. People sign some terms of合同but it’s all very opaque.

解码is a new [$5.98 million] project we are currently working on together with 14 partners across Europe. We are experimenting with encrypted decentralized data management architecture using blockchain and distributed ledgers to make these data commons clearer.

Cañigueral:没有缺少的技术工具。但是,我们,公民和行政,文化准备呢?

Bria:工具不只是技术设备,但调控,经济模式,技术基础设施和文化组织变革。让它们对齐是困难的部分,这个问题绝对不是技术,而是文化和体制界限。尽管目前有在不认为像官僚谁是政府的公民,他们仍然有一定的边界内工作。制度黑客是伟大的,但要真正扩大这些则它必须从下往上。当然,你还需要在功率合适的人,但如果社会不能进入和做的事情,监视和跟踪活动,一切都不会改变。

We need the public sphere to to be strong, a renaissance of the public.

Cañigueral:What are the best practices to connect with like-minded cities? What cities are interested in Barcelona's developments?

Bria:It’s interesting to see how in hard times cities are coming together to solve problems that governments are not (such as immigration, access to water, energy and affordable housing). These solidarity networks are important because they empower people with the feeling that you can actually transform something. Although we need to keep the big vision in sight, what we are doing institutionally are small but irreversible changes. Barcelona just hosted霍元甲城市Municipalist峰会to加强与志同道合的城市的联系,以及。

城市也走到一起,创建不依赖于谁占领市场,并采取所有的数据大美国公司更局部协作的经济模式。监管是一个难点,但主要是我们需要确保有一个积极的当地的影响可以增长和繁荣是合作经济模型。我们正在对这个像柏林,纽约,莫斯科和阿姆斯特丹的城市合作,并要求大平台,给我们自己的数据。我们需要算法的透明度,调节和理解的商业模式。目前,它是一个黑盒子。

Cañigueral:但是让我们面对现实,城市有很大的局限性创造法规和财政杠杆的条款。

Bria:绝对。城市必须解决所有这些挑战,但他们既没有制定法律的权力也没有财政的杠杆作用。这是我们看到在西班牙发生了很多冲突,它的城市和国家之间复杂的对话。

One way European cities are circumventing this is by articulating themselves as metropolitan areas within a region. The European investment bank is working with cities and regions for example, and also the fact that cities are municipalization infrastructure is interesting. The example of the rebel cities shows that despite fiscal and law making limitations, governments are beginning to feel pressure from cities.

Nevertheless, I believe in federalism, as you need to be able to work at different levels, city, regional, national, global and European. And you have to make them work together.

Cañigueral:让我们快进到未来。当公民被充分授权,究竟会留给公共管理?

Bria:在巴塞罗那的任务后,我们会看到,但事实上,你可以有一个公民运动进入该机构,治理和取力器显示,已经有政治类方面政策的新方法。这不是网络的事情,纯粹的数字模型,而是相反。我认为我们正朝着混合模式,使市民有一种自我治理和直接参与之类的东西分配预算,作出决定和管理项目去。我真的相信,未来将有越来越多的政治运动和方法,是基于共同利益的。

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