Business and nations headline WRI's stories to watch in 2015
本文最初出现在WRI博客。
As world leaders deal with climate change, aim to lift more people out of poverty and make the world a more sustainable, prosperous place in 2015, here are the top观看的故事, according to WRI’s experts and as presented by WRI President and CEO Andrew Steer on Jan. 8.
1.全球气候协议
2015年12月是目标日期全世界协议这将使所有国家雄心勃勃地对气候变化的反应。但它会有什么样的协议?
“这不会是你的老爷爷的普通香草,教科书气候协议。这将是比这更有趣的更有趣的是,“Steer告诉a packed briefing在华盛顿的国家新闻俱乐部。跟随hottest year on record,2015年开始momentum to limit greenhouse gases, as 38 countries and 23 cities, states and provinces now have a price on carbon dioxide emissions. With emissions higher than at any point in history, keeping the planet cool enough to avoid the worst consequences of climate change is possible only with rapidly reduced emissions and big changes in the energy mix.
美国,欧盟和中国,其中占所有温室气体排放的一半,已经承诺了做更多做, but that may not be enough. All nations are expected to make their emissions-cutting commitments known in the first half of the year, and these pledges will send important signals about抱负12月达成的最终协议。
美国可以领导这个问题,并提出将其排放量减少26%至2005年的28%到2025年。但这种减少可能主要取决于rules on power plant emissions由美国环境保护局发布。环保署的最终标准是多么强大?
2.可持续发展目标
在九月,leaders will gather at the United Nations headquarters to agree on goalsto reduce world poverty while encouraging sustainable development, replacing the Millennium Development Goals that expire this year. While the MDGs helped cut poverty in half from 1990 through 2015, 1.2 billion people still live on less than $1.25 a day.
必威体育2018可持续性将是新目标的核心,从到期者转移。新目标也将普遍存在自然界中,反映了世界力量的变化平衡,更全面,具有不同形式的融资。
3.行动新联盟
“旧的政府间做这ngs is breaking down quite rapidly,” Steer said. He pointed to public-private partnerships that bring governments, businesses and civil society groups together to make progress on sustainability, climate and other issues. These include the热带森林联盟2020旨在减少2020年从商品扩张的热带砍伐砍伐;该市长紧凑(PDF), an agreement signed by leaders of 228 cities to cut 13 gigatons of carbon emissions by mid-century; and the纽约森林宣言(PDF),一个致力于巨大的倡议restoring未来15年,3.5亿公顷(865万英亩)的退化土地。提供了这些联盟和其他联盟遵循他们的承诺, they can tap into the message of the新的气候经济报告, making economic growth and environmental sustainability work together.
4. Water risk rising
From the western United States to Brazil to China, water scarcity is a global stressor. WRI’s Aqueduct platform found that 36 countries面对极端水平的水分压力。根据最近的科学论文,美国西部正在经历它最糟糕的干旱in 1,200 years. In Brazil, the city of São Paolo is in its最糟糕的干旱in 80 years,其水库系统降至7.1%的容量。在中国,90%的沿海城市面临水分压力。
私营部门开始回应。Brewer Ambev.uses3.3升水制作1升啤酒,从2002年的5升下来。麦当劳正在加入渡槽的水风险评估进入其供应链。消费品巨头宝册和赌博计划to reduce water use in its factories by 20 percent per unit of production over 2010, focusing its plans in water-stressed regions. Will other companies and governments follow? Will there be innovative water management policies, such as水定价or new efficiency mandates and incentives?
5.印度在聚光灯下
“今年,我们不可能这样做,而不在国家的故事中,这可能是在印度的政策方面的最大不连续性,”斯文说。新生印度首相纳伦德拉莫迪是一个大胆的领导风格的民粹主义者,并为世界上最大的民主推动经济增长的授权。他表示,他将在他的第一个月非常活跃,2015年将是他推进议程的重要时代。
莫迪有困难的任务,确保国家在经济上扩大,同时也解决了主要的可持续性和人权挑战。必威体育2018预计印度的城市人口将增加2030年;与此同时,3000万仍然缺乏电力,国家的煤炭利用和空气污染继续增长。
Modi政府计划在明年投资100亿美元的智能城市,来自私人投资者和国外的资金。政府也有承诺80倍的太阳能增加,将100千兆瓦安装在2022年。实现这些目标将需要重大投资和对低碳增长的承诺。印度将在全球舞台上发挥什么作用,以及巴拉克奥巴马总统即将访问印度的影响是什么?
6.新的领导
Along with India’s Modi, Brazil’s Dilma Rousseff, Turkey’s Recep Tayyip ErdoGAND INDonesia的Joko Widodo共同代表了18亿人口,世界人口四分之一。他们的国家也具有重大挑战:巴西城市挣扎着白化干旱和印度尼西亚面临pressure from expanding agricultureandother industries that drive deforestation。这些领导人是否会拥抱可持续的低碳增长?
美国图片同样复杂。奥巴马总统希望在办公室的过去两年中巩固他的遗产。与此同时,国会为气候挑战的生产方法提供了很少的希望迹象。展望2016年,美国总统竞选将提供候选人有机会阐明他们对可持续性和气候问题的立场。必威体育2018现在这是一个观看的故事。