Adapted from the 2022 "State of Green Business," published earlier this year by GreenBiz Group. Download the reporthere。
Moving goods from Point A to Point B has long been a polluting process, thanks to the dirty petroleum-based "bunker fuel" used to power most oceangoing vessels, the energy- and carbon-intensive world of aviation and other legacy fuels and technologies. And, alongside both, the trucks and trains that move things on terra firma. All are considerable sources of carbon pollution, not to mention other problematic emissions into the air and water. And all have been under pressure to change.
At long last, those changes may be en route. A truckload of technologies, partnerships and global agreements are putting solutions, some of them decades old, on a fast, or at least faster, track. Combine that with corporate and government purchasing commitments that stoke demand for greener logistics options, along with stepped-up regulatory pressure to decarbonize the transportation sector, and you have the makings of a disruptive shift.
去年秋天，在苏格兰格拉斯哥的COP26的“运输日”期间，可以看到这种转变。在承诺中：代表40％的航空排放的国家致力于支持与《巴黎协定》一致的航空排放目标。世界经济论坛（WEF）的二十名航空公司成员Target True Zero倡议致力于使用新技术，例如电力，氢和混合飞机，以减少航空的气候足迹。这Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance，于2021年早些时候推出，增加了成员的努力，以汇总燃料购买者的购买力，以刺激清洁航空燃料的市场。还有另一组大公司加入了WEF发起的一项倡议，称为First Movers Coalition。它的重点是八个部门，包括运输，航空和卡车，被认为是过渡到零排放的最具挑战性。和近20个致力于发展的国家零排放运输路线在港口之间 - 所谓的“绿色运输走廊”将充当新兴技术的测试床。
Following the blueprint of climate tech
正如这些举措充分证明的那样，脱碳物流涉及技术，政策和市场发展的相互作用：加速新燃料和推进系统的发展，实施法规和政策以及刺激需求的结合，这也释放了公共资本和私人资本。这是我们在气候技术之前多次看到成功的秘诀，从而使从太阳能到电动汽车再到绿色化学创新的所有事物。
Take sustainable aviation fuel, a drop-in replacement for the conventional diesel fuel that powers most planes. It's been around for years, plodding along with a market share that's, well, a drop in the bucket. But over the past two years, major corporations that fly millions of miles a year — including Bank of America, Deloitte, JPMorgan Chase, McKinsey, Microsoft, Netflix and Salesforce — have pressed airlines to use more of this low-emissions fuel in their operations, sending much-needed demand signals to the market.
这se fuels — which can be made from a variety of feedstocks, including used cooking oil, agricultural residues and municipal solid waste — are aviation’s most promising near-term decarbonization solution, given their potential to reduce up to 99 percent of greenhouse emissions on a life-cycle basis compared to conventional jet fuel, according to a 2021报告from McKinsey and WEF. Aviation accounts for about 2 percent of global carbon emissions, although the industry has committed to decarbonize by mid-century or sooner.
或乘坐从地毯到汽车零件的远洋船只运送我们购买的许多商品。他们也正在重新设计以在更清洁的燃料上或部分风速上运行。
如今，由大型燃料油提供动力的海上航运每年产生约10亿吨气候污染，大约与美国所有燃煤电厂的总和一样，占全球碳排放量的3％。货船还产生了全球生产的氧化硫和一氧化二氮的10％至15％。
10月，一群公司宣布首次努力将所有海运转换为2040年的零碳燃料供电的船只。亚马逊，宜家，米其林，巴塔哥尼亚和联合利华是最早签署的声明的签署国经过Cargo Owners for Zero Emission Vessels.
Some critics would like to see these initiatives gather steam. More than 50,000 merchant ships carry around 80 percent of global trade, and oceangoing cargo volumes are projected to grow by as much as 130 percent by 2050. Last fall, a coalition of "environmental and public health advocates, scientists, shipping experts and shoppers" proactively launchedShip It Zero，一项针对大型零售商的运动 - 亚马逊，宜家，塔吉尔（Target）和沃尔玛（Walmart）在初始命中列表中 - 致力于到2030年之前将产品运送到零排放船上的产品。
Decarbonizing transportation, too
卡车的脱碳也正在提高速度。从低碳燃料到电气化，一组溶液也有所不同。
在美国，超过70 percent of goodsspend time inside a truck, according to the American Trucking Association, whose industry is responsible for almost 7 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Trucks are notoriously hard to decarbonize because the batteries needed to electrify them add substantial weight, not to mention requiring precious recharging time.
尽管如此，电气化工作仍在滚动，未来几年，戴姆勒，沃尔沃，大众和特斯拉的电池供电大型钻机预计。研究公司Wood Mackenzieexpects the number of electric trucks on U.S. roads to rise from 2,000 in 2019 to more than 54,000 by 2025. And some of these trucks go a long way to solve range anxiety: Tesla’s forthcoming Semi, for example, is claimed to have a range of more than 600 miles, a respectable day’s work for most truckers.
那现有的卡车呢？他们也可以脱碳。Remora, is commercializing a technology that reduces emissions from long-haul trucking by sucking up carbon dioxide directly from the tailpipe. Another startup,助推器has converted thousands of diesel vehicles to renewable fuels. If they succeed, Booster, Remora and other innovators could enable existing fleets to keep rolling for years, rather than having to be traded in for electrified models.
Across the transportation spectrum, many promising fuels and technologies may simply be bridges to even cleaner and emissions-free logistics. For example, for all the efforts aimed at helping sustainable aviation fuels gain altitude, they may eventually give way to electric- and hydrogen-powered planes, at least for shorter flights.
同样，避难所的替代船只可以通过较新的技术来部分流离失所。去年八月，世界上最大的航运公司马尔斯克（Maersk）said it will introduce八个大型容器容器在甲醇上操作，并已确立的丹麦新的设施，可生产约10,000吨这些船只的碳中性e-methanol。可以wind-powered cargo ships航行很远吗？
Key players to watch
First Movers Coalition-launchedat COP26 by the World Economic Forum, it seeks to create demand for low-carbon approaches to shipping, aviation and trucking, among other technologies.
Maersk-itshistoric purchase八艘“碳中和”船只可以为无排放的运输设定新标准。
Remora- 长途卡车的尾管打击改造could be a game changer减少现有车辆的排放。
智能货运中心- 与全球物流社区合作，实现高效和零排放的全球货物。
Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance-this group of companies and airlines last fall launched an initiative to drive investment in high-integrity sustainable aviation fuels and accelerate the transition to net-zero emissions air transport.
