Why values matter in combating climate change
In its latest report, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that the world has only a dozen or so years to ensure that global warming is kept to a maximum of 1.5 degrees Celsius.
为了纪念世界地球日,BRINK的执行主编,汤姆·卡弗,采访了迈克·伯纳斯 - 李对他的新书,“没有行星B:一本手册的成败年。”
汤姆·卡弗:让我们来谈谈你的标题,首先。你形容这本书为“手册”。你是什么意思?
迈克·伯纳斯 - 李:好了,我们面临的挑战是切实可行的,实实在在的。而这个手册旨在提供有关我们应该在每一个规模做指导。因此,它是为个人,企业,政治家 - 谁愿意有帮助作用任何人我们导航水域,我们就能加入。
卡弗:一个是你关注的领域是食品,我们吃什么。您如何看待粮食问题,在气候变化,能解决吗?
Berners-Lee:粮食和气候变化确实是分不开的,因为虽然我们应对气候变化,我们也需要养活不断增加的人口。而关于温室气体排放量的四分之一来自于我们的食品体系。
该书追溯了人类,特别是热量和蛋白质,但其他维生素和矿物质必需的营养物质,以及,在来自外地,在那里他们正在成长为人类食用的作物,一直到叉他们的旅程。
我们发现什么是我们成长的热量,蛋白质和所有的微量营养素巨大的丰度为好,但我们在建立一些巨大的低效到系统中。最大的单一一个突出的是喂养这么多人类食用的食物的动物,谁给我们回只在肉类和奶制品营养的一小部分的巨大效率。
So if you feed soybeans to a cow, for example, rather than have humans eat them directly, you get only something like 10 percent of the nutrition back again. And that nutrition, just by the way, is served up to us with a whole lot of burnt up methane, as well. So there’s an enormous greenhouse gas footprint, as well as a massive cut in the nutrition.
卡弗:其中一个在这本书比起其他气候变化的书你的方法的显着区别是,你强调的价值丝毫不亚于技术和其他类型的解决方案。为什么价值如此重要?
Berners-Lee:If we’re serious about dealing with climate change, it’s no good looking at it from only one discipline. From a technical perspective, all the environmental challenges that we’re facing are solvable. That’s the very good news from the science and technology perspective. So the question becomes: What would it take for us to be solving the technically solvable challenges?
挑战某些方面需要全球性的制度变迁和全球协调努力的一个元素。这把我们带到了一大堆的关于价值观,包括真相和信任,我们认为对彼此相待世界各地的方式问题。而我们的态度,其他品种为好。
I approach the values discussion not from the perspective of, "These values are nice to have," but from a practical and evidence-based perspective. What values would allow humans to deal with the global challenges that we’re faced with? And what values won’t allow us to do that?
卡弗:但是你不站在被指控试图改变人性的风险?这是拉过一个不同的事情。
Berners-Lee:Well, the good news is that there is very clear evidence that humans are actually capable, individually and collectively, of changing the values that they operate from and the values that are culturally normal.
One example would be that, over the last few decades, there’s been a rise of neoliberalism and free-market values. One of the things they’ve done is increase the focus on individualism and the pursuit of extrinsic rewards. So if that’s possible, then the reverse of that is possible, and a greater focus on intrinsic rewards, and less materialistic rewards, and a greater focus on cooperation and empathy with, and respect for, people all over the world.
Carver: What are the implications of this for companies?
Berners-Lee:其中之一是清楚的事情是,它的确定为公司赚钱,但股东财务价值的追求作为生存的首要原因是成为问题。公司必须帮助人类和其他物种生活得很好星球上的部分A.
第二件事情是,如果一个企业想展现企业责任,他们要问一个更大的问题。几千年来,人类已经在一个背景下,我们的力量来影响与地球上的弹性来处理,我们在它扔的一切相比,地球很小操作。因此,我们可以逃脱治疗地球作为一个大的,强大的地方。
但最近,仅在过去的几十年里,已经改变了,突然相比,我们的权力来影响它的行星是脆弱的。这就是人类在经营一个非常重要的不断变化的环境。它要求我们提高我们管理工作的标准,大规模和真的很快。
So the challenge for a business, if it wants to have corporate responsibility in this new context, is to be asking, "What are we doing to help create the conditions under which the world can deal with the big, systemic challenges that we face?"
这不只是削减你的碳足迹。这对产品和服务,你提供的,它是关于他们是如何创造的,它是关于你对循环经济的运动,它是关于文化的影响,你有,这是关于你有政治影响力。betway必威体育手机版这是关于钱的流动方式和各种各样的东西,你是在投资 - 高碳的未来还是一个低碳的未来。这是关于各种不同的方式在所有企业中脱颖而出,以影响系统。而且很显然,公司越大,更多的选择,他们必须在样的影响,他们可以发挥,而且影响可能更大。
Carver: So if there is recalcitrance to do the things that you recommend, how do you persuade organizations to change their behaviors?
Berners-Lee:我们需要宽容,其实宽容,这是对企业的挑战。要通过这个找到一个很好的方式,你需要有创造性,你需要有想象力,你需要聪明。有巨大的商机,但你需要创建它们。你需要考虑一点点不同于前代一直在思考。
IKEA, for example, is doing a really good job of reinventing its business model. It’s dematerializing things and breaking away from the old mindset about "The more furniture you sell, the more money you’ll make." If you’re smart about this, you can make it work for you.
这个故事最早出现在: